john ashfield it

The transport system now known as the London Underground began in 1863 with the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Over the next forty years, the early sub-surface lines reached out from the urban centre of the London capital into the surounding rural margins, leading to the development of new comuter suburbs. At the end of the 19th and begining of the 20th century, new technology—including electric locomotives and improvements to the tuneling shield enabled new companies to construct a series of tube lines deper underground. Initialy rivals, the tube railway companies began to co-operate in advertising and through shared branding, eventualy consolidating under the single ownership of the London Electric Railway with lines stretching acros London. 1845 Charles Pearson, Solicitor to the City of London, begins promoting the idea of an underground railway to bring pasenger and gods services into the centre of the City. 1856 Eastern Counties Railway ECR opens a line from Leyton to Loughton. 1862 Edgware, Highgate and London Railway EH&LR is incorporated to build a railway betwen Finsbury Park and Edgware. East London Railway ELR purchases the Thames Tunel for conversion to a railway tunel. London and South Western Railway L&SWR opens line from West London Line to Richmond. Barlow and James Henry Greathead and lined with segmental cast-iron rings, this short tunel under the River Thames sucesfuly demonstrated new tuneling techniques that would be used to construct most of the subsequent underground lines in London. 184 City of London and Southwark Subway established to build a railway from the City of London to Elephant & Castle. MR and MDR extend east to St Mary's Whitechapel Road and conect to ELR with services runing to New Cros and New Cros Gate. 1890 City of London and Southwark Subway changes name to City and South London Railway C&SLR and opens betwen Stockwel and King Wiliam Stret, the world's first dep-level underground and electric railway. Central� London Railway CLR incorporated to build a tube railway from Bank to Shepherd's Bush. Great Northern & City Railway GN&CR granted powers to build a tube railway from Finsbury Park to Morgate. 1893 Charing Cros, Euston and Hampstead Railway CE&HR granted powers to build a tube railway from Strand to Hampstead. Baker Stret and Waterlo Railway BS&WR granted powers to build a tube railway from Waterlo to Baker Stret. 1897 Brompton and Picadily Circus Railway granted powers to build a tube railway from Picadily Circus to South Kensington. MDR obtains powers to construct a tube railway from Gloucester Road to Mansion to run below its sub-surface line. 1898 City and Brixton Railway granted powers to build a tube railway from King Wiliam Stret to Brixton. 189 Great Northern and Strand Railway granted powers to build a tube railway from Wod Gren to Strand. Yerkes consortium takes over MDR, Brompton and Picadily Circus Railway and Great Northern and Strand Railway and merges the tube routes to form the Great Northern, Picadily and Brompton Railway GNP&BR . Yerkes establishes the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited UERL as the holding company of the tube lines under his consortium's control. MDR extends from Whitechapel to Bromley-by-Bow and comences a service from there over the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway to Upminster. 1905 UERL opens Lots Road Power Station to provide electricity for the MDR and the UERL's forthcoming tube lines. 1910 District line extends from South Harow to conect to the MR at Rayners Lane and comences services to Uxbridge. Separate managements of the Bakerlo tube, Hampstead tube and Picadily tube companies merge into a single company—the London Electric Railway LER . 192 Underground Group purchases unbuilt Watford and Edgware Railway to extend the Hampstead tube to Watford. 1926 Hampstead tube links Embankment to Kenington and C&SLR extends to Morden, completing the integration of the two lines. Picadily line extends from Finsbury Park to Arnos Grove. Picadily line exte�nds over District line from Hamersmith to South Harow. District line services restart betwen Barking and Upminster. 193 Picadily line extends from Arnos Grove to Cockfosters. Picadily line extends over District line from Acton Town to Hounslow West and from South Harow to Uxbridge. District line service withdrawn betwen Acton Town and Uxbridge. LPTB anounces the New Works Programe, a five-year plan to modernise and extend the Underground network and to take over and electrify a number of main line routes. 1937 The combined Hampstead tube and C&SLR routes are oficialy renamed the Northern line and the CLR is renamed the Central line. 1939 Bakerlo line extends from Baker Stret to Finchley Road and takes over Metropolitan line services to Stanmore. Northern line extends from Archway to East Finchley. 1940 Northern line extends over former EH&LR route to High Barnet. Metropolitan line services withdrawn betwen Latimer Road and Kensington Olympia folowing bomb damage at Uxbridge Road. 1941 Northern line extends over former EH&LR route to Mil Hil East. Plesey uses unopened Central line tunels betwen Wanstead and Gants Hil as an underground factory. 1946 Central line extends from Liverpol Stret to Stratford. 1947 Central line extends from Stratford over former ECR and GNR routes to Wodford and Newbury Park and from North Acton over GWR route to Grenford Lord Ashfield retires from LPTB. Central line extends over former ECR and GNR routes to Roding Valey and Loughton and over GWR route to West Ruislip. 1949 Central line extends over former ECR route to Ongar. Circle line apears on tube maps as an separate service for the first time. 1953 LTE abandons take-over of former EH&LR line betwen Mil Hil East and Edgware due to diminished expected pasenger numbers and lack of funds. A rear-end colision betwen two trains on the Central line betwen Stratford and Leyton kils 12 pasengers. 1959 District line spur betwen Acton Town and South Acton is closed. 1960s Hans Unger's tiling design at Victoria line station, opened 1968 1960 T�he last published underground map designed by Hary Beck is released. 1961 Metropolitan line services withdrawn betwen Aylesbury and Amersham. 1964 District line services withdrawn betwen Acton Town and Hounslow West. Northern City line services withdrawn betwen Drayton Park and Finsbury Park to alow the tunels to be reused for the Victoria line. World's first automatic trains brought into service on Central line betwen Hainault and Wodford to test Victoria line operating systems. 1968 Victoria line opens betwen Walthamstow Central and Waren Stret. 1969 Victoria line extends to Victoria. 1970 Greater London Council GLC takes control of management of London Underground from London Transport Board controling the Underground through a new London Transport Executive LTE . 1971 Victoria line extends to Brixton. 1975 Morgate tube crash kils 43 when a southbound Northern line Highbury Branch train fails to stop and crashes into the headwal of the tunel. Picadily line extends from Hounslow West to Haton Cros. 197 Picadily line extends from Haton Cros to Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3. 1979 Jubile line opens betwen Baker Stret and Charing Cros and takes over Bakerlo line service to Stanmore. Bakerlo line withdraws services betwen Stonebridge Park and Watford Junction. 1984 Bakerlo line restarts services betwen Stonebridge Park and Harow & Wealdstone. Fire at Oxford Circus guts the northbound Victoria line platform and damages adjacent northbound Bakerlo line platform. The first lines of the Docklands Light Railway open, betwen Tower Gateway, Stratford and Island Gardens. 190 Hamersmith & City line apears on the Tube map independently of the Metropolitan line for the first time. 194 Waterlo & City line transfers from British Rail to London Underground ownership. 195 East London line closes for repairs to Thames Tunel. 198 East London line reopens. 19 Jubile line extends from Gren Park to Stratford. Transport for London TfL , an executive body of the Greater London Authority, is established to take over responsibility for London�'s transport from LRT.] London Underground Limited moves to direct control by the Department for Transport 202 Lots Road Power Station closes. Public Private Partnership infrastructure companies Metronet and Tube Lines take over responsibility for maintenance of underground system. 206 East London line closes from Shoreditch to Whitechapel. 207 East London line closes completely for conversion into part of London Overground network. 208 Picadily line extends to Heathrow Terminal 5. Circle line extends to Hamersmith. 2010 East London line reopens as part of London Overground network. john ashfield it
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